早在20 世紀(jì)60 年代，國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家就對(duì)裝車、裝船過(guò)程蒸發(fā)損耗油氣進(jìn)行回收技術(shù)的研究，20 世紀(jì)70 年代，歐美等國(guó)已廣泛應(yīng)用油氣回收技術(shù)于裝車、裝船等過(guò)程。在油氣回收方面，歐盟各國(guó)都做出了明確的規(guī)定，有的國(guó)家還對(duì)加裝了油氣回收裝置的油庫(kù)和加油站實(shí)行階段性的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼或稅收減免的優(yōu)惠。

　　As early as the 1960s, developed countries abroad conducted research on the recovery technology of oil and gas evaporated during loading and shipping processes. In the 1970s, oil and gas recovery technology was widely used in loading and shipping processes in Europe, America, and other countries. In terms of oil and gas recovery, EU countries have made clear regulations, and some countries have also implemented phased financial subsidies or tax exemptions for oil depots and gas stations equipped with oil and gas recovery devices.

　　我國(guó)于2020年12月發(fā)布了《儲(chǔ)油庫(kù)大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB20950-2020）、《油品運(yùn)輸大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB20951-2020）、《加油站大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB20952-2020），并于2021年4 月1 日開(kāi)始實(shí)施。根據(jù)《儲(chǔ)油庫(kù)大氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求，裝油時(shí)產(chǎn)生的油氣應(yīng)進(jìn)行密閉收集和回收處理，經(jīng)過(guò)回收處理的油氣排放濃度要達(dá)到≤25g/m?(非甲烷總烴)，處理效率要≥95%。

　　China released the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks" (GB20950-2020), "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport" (GB20951-2020), and "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Gas Stations" (GB20952-2020) in December 2020, and implemented them on April 1, 2021. According to the requirements of the "Atmospheric Emission Standards for Oil Storage Tanks", the oil and gas generated during oil loading should be collected and recovered in a closed manner, and the concentration of the recovered oil and gas emissions should reach ≤ 25g/m? (Non methane total hydrocarbons), the processing efficiency should be ≥ 95%.

　　油氣回收設(shè)備是用于收集和處理?yè)]發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物（VOCs）和油氣的專用裝置；是對(duì)原油、汽油、柴油、石腦油等油品；甲醇、乙二醇等醇類；苯、甲苯、二甲苯等苯類以及其他揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物在儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中揮發(fā)的油氣對(duì)進(jìn)行處理。這部分油氣對(duì)環(huán)境、人們的健康和安全生產(chǎn)越來(lái)越引起人們的重視。

　　Oil and gas recovery equipment is a specialized device used for collecting and processing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oil and gas; It refers to oil products such as crude oil, gasoline, diesel, and naphtha; Alcohols such as methanol and ethylene glycol; The oil and gas evaporated from benzene, toluene, xylene and other volatile organic compounds during storage and transportation should be treated. This part of oil and gas is increasingly attracting people's attention to the environment, people's health, and safety production.

　　油氣回收的設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)業(yè)主方提供的條件和要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，比如：鶴管裝車量和罐區(qū)的儲(chǔ)量等要求確定油氣回收的處理量比如：30～2000m?/h；也要根據(jù)業(yè)主提供的介質(zhì)成分來(lái)確定油氣回收的處理工藝,如：冷凝法、吸附法、吸收法、膜吸附法、或者多種工藝組合等方法。

　　The design of oil and gas recovery is based on the conditions and requirements provided by the owner, such as the loading capacity of crane pipes and the storage capacity of tank areas. The processing capacity of oil and gas recovery is determined, such as 30-2000m ?/h; The treatment process for oil and gas recovery should also be determined based on the medium composition provided by the owner, such as condensation method, adsorption method, absorption method, membrane adsorption method, or a combination of multiple processes.

　　設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)：（1）業(yè)主方提供的所有設(shè)計(jì)條件、技術(shù)要求；

　　Design basis: (1) All design conditions and technical requirements provided by the owner;

　　（2）國(guó)家相關(guān)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　(2) National regulations and standards

　　《油氣回收處理設(shè)施技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB 50759-2022

　　Technical Standard for Oil and Gas Recovery and Treatment Facilities GB 50759-2022

　　《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB16297-1996

　　Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants GB16297-1996

　　《爆炸性氣體環(huán)境用電氣設(shè)備》GB3836-2000

　　Electrical Equipment for Explosive Gas Environments GB3836-2000

　　《爆炸和火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境電力裝置設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50058-92

　　Code for Design of Electrical Installations in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments GB50058-92

　　《火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50116-2008

　　Design Specification for Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50116-2008

　　《工業(yè)金屬管道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50316-2000(2008年版)

　　Design Code for Industrial Metallic Piping GB50316-2000 (2008 edition)

　　《石油化工企業(yè)燃料氣系統(tǒng)和可燃性氣體排放系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》SH3009-2001

　　Design Specification for Fuel Gas System and Combustible Gas Emission System in Petrochemical Enterprises SH3009-2001

　　《石油化工企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》GB50160-2008

　　Fire Protection Design Code for Petrochemical Enterprises GB50160-2008

　　《石油化工靜電接地設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》SH3097-2000

　　Design Specification for Static Electricity Grounding in Petrochemical Industry SH3097-2000

　　《石油化工自動(dòng)化儀表選型設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》SH3005-1999

　　Specification for Selection and Design of Automation Instruments in Petrochemical Industry SH3005-1999

　　《低壓配電設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50054-2011

　　Code for Design of Low Voltage Distribution GB50054-2011

　　《通用用電設(shè)備配電設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50055-2011

　　Design Code for Distribution of General Electrical Equipment GB50055-2011

　　《儲(chǔ)油庫(kù)大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB20950-2020）

　　Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Storage Tanks (GB20950-2020)

　　《油品運(yùn)輸大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB20951-2020）

　　Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Oil Transport (GB20951-2020)

　　安全附件：

　　Security attachments:

　?。?）、油氣回收裝置入口設(shè)置阻火器、出口設(shè)置阻火透氣帽；

　　(1) Install flame arresters at the inlet and breathable caps at the outlet of the oil and gas recovery device;

　?。?）、油氣回收裝置內(nèi)部設(shè)置點(diǎn)型可燃?xì)怏w探測(cè)器（報(bào)警儀），氣體泄漏時(shí)報(bào)警；

　　(2) A point type combustible gas detector (alarm) is installed inside the oil and gas recovery device to sound an alarm in case of gas leakage;

　?。?）、設(shè)備設(shè)有接地裝置、防雷裝置及等電位防靜電跨接；

　　(3) The equipment is equipped with grounding devices, lightning protection devices, and equipotential anti-static cross connections;

　?。?）、電機(jī)、儀表等均采用防爆型，整機(jī)防爆；

　　(4) The motors, instruments, etc. are all explosion-proof, and the whole machine is explosion-proof;

　　（5）、吸附罐設(shè)置溫度傳感器，當(dāng)活性炭溫度超過(guò)設(shè)定值時(shí)報(bào)警；

　　(5) The adsorption tank is equipped with a temperature sensor, which will sound an alarm when the temperature of the activated carbon exceeds the set value;

　　（6）、設(shè)置緊急排放裝置，油氣回收系統(tǒng)故障時(shí)可臨時(shí)排放以免耽誤裝車。

　　(6) Set up emergency discharge devices to temporarily discharge oil and gas recovery systems in case of malfunction, in order to avoid delaying loading.

　　工藝原理及運(yùn)行控制

　　Process principle and operation control

　　(1)引氣工藝

　　(1) Air entraining process

　　依次加裝阻火器、采樣口手動(dòng)球閥、溫度傳感器、壓力感測(cè)器及引氣風(fēng)機(jī)等儀表、閥門及設(shè)備。

　　Install instruments, valves, and equipment such as flame arresters, manual ball valves for sampling ports, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and induced draft fans in sequence.

　　(2)制冷工藝：

　　(2) Refrigeration process:

　　a.待處理的尾氣依次經(jīng)過(guò)各個(gè)冷段。其中a段的工作原理是利用b段制冷后的低溫尾氣進(jìn)行冷量交換利用，實(shí)現(xiàn)能量再利用。

　　a. The exhaust gas to be treated passes through each cold section in sequence. The working principle of section A is to use the low-temperature exhaust gas cooled by section B for cold exchange and utilization, achieving energy reuse.

　　b.尾氣回收裝置冷凝系統(tǒng)采用將各個(gè)制冷段組合成整體形式，減少整個(gè)尾氣回收裝置的冷凝箱的體積并減少管路冷量損失，大大提高制冷效率和降低能耗。

　　b. The condensation system of the exhaust gas recovery device adopts the combination of various refrigeration sections into a whole form, reducing the volume of the condensation box of the entire exhaust gas recovery device and minimizing the loss of pipeline cooling capacity, greatly improving refrigeration efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

　　c.尾氣經(jīng)過(guò)最后冷凝段后進(jìn)入吸附罐處理。

　　c. After passing through the final condensation section, the exhaust gas enters the adsorption tank for treatment.

　　d.選用知名某品牌制冷壓縮機(jī)組進(jìn)行多重制冷，整套系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)尾氣量處理的負(fù)荷大小自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，節(jié)省能耗。

　　d. Selecting a well-known brand of refrigeration compressor unit for multiple refrigeration, the entire system can automatically adjust according to the load size of exhaust gas treatment, saving energy consumption.

　　e. 制冷過(guò)程的壓縮機(jī)組包括其他的電氣設(shè)備以及相配套的信號(hào)柜，動(dòng)力柜等設(shè)備都被裝置在橇中。橇外殼采用不銹鋼材料，安全性能高。

　　e. The compressor unit for the refrigeration process, including other electrical equipment and supporting signal cabinets, power cabinets, and other equipment, is installed in the sled. The sled shell is made of stainless steel material, which has high safety performance.

　　(3)冷凝液收集過(guò)程：

　　(3) Collection process of condensate:

　　a.經(jīng)過(guò)制冷過(guò)程后，尾氣中的組分被冷凝成混合物被送至儲(chǔ)罐中。

　　a. After the refrigeration process, the components in the exhaust gas are condensed into a mixture and sent to the storage tank.

　　b.回收得到的回收液可以直接利用管道泵輸送至業(yè)主方罐區(qū)。

　　b. The recovered liquid can be directly transported to the owner's tank area through pipeline pumps.

　　c.回收泵根據(jù)儲(chǔ)液罐的液位元信號(hào)自動(dòng)開(kāi)、停。

　　c. The recycling pump automatically starts and stops based on the liquid level signal of the storage tank.

　　(4)吸附過(guò)程

　　(4) Adsorption process

　　a.尾氣中不能被完全冷凝的少量輕組分進(jìn)入吸附罐利用尾氣回收專用的吸附劑進(jìn)行吸附處理

　　a. A small amount of light components in the exhaust gas that cannot be completely condensed enter the adsorption tank and are treated with specialized adsorbents for exhaust gas recovery

　　b.吸附工藝采用兩套吸附罐切換循環(huán)工作，當(dāng)一個(gè)吸附罐的中的吸附劑對(duì)尾氣尾氣進(jìn)行吸附處理時(shí)，另一個(gè)吸附罐中則利用真空泵進(jìn)行脫附處理，脫附的富集尾氣再送至冷凝段進(jìn)行回收處理。

　　b. The adsorption process uses two sets of adsorption tanks to switch between cyclic operation. When the adsorbent in one adsorption tank adsorbs the tail gas, the vacuum pump is used in the other adsorption tank for desorption treatment. The desorbed enriched tail gas is then sent to the condensation section for recovery treatment.

　　c.吸附專用的真空泵選用干式渦旋真空泵，此真空泵具有被抽物料可循環(huán)使用、無(wú)油無(wú)水無(wú)污染、能耗低，真空度高，噪音小、免維護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　c. The vacuum pump used for adsorption is a dry vortex vacuum pump, which has the advantages of reusable materials, oil-free, water free, pollution-free, low energy consumption, high vacuum degree, low noise, and maintenance free.

　　(5)排放過(guò)程

　　(5) Emission process

　　a.經(jīng)過(guò)吸附處理后的尾氣已達(dá)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)排放管道排放。

　　a. After adsorption treatment, the exhaust gas has reached the emission standard and is discharged through the discharge pipeline.

　　b.排空處加裝尾氣濃度監(jiān)測(cè)取樣口，方便隨時(shí)抽取尾氣樣本。

　　b. Install a tail gas concentration monitoring sampling port at the exhaust outlet to facilitate the extraction of tail gas samples at any time.

　　進(jìn)氣口溫度測(cè)定點(diǎn)設(shè)置位置為引氣風(fēng)機(jī)前管段，采用溫度傳感器將溫度實(shí)時(shí)傳送PLC信號(hào)控制工藝運(yùn)行。

　　The temperature measurement point for the air inlet is set at the front pipe section of the induced draft fan, and a temperature sensor is used to transmit the temperature in real time to the PLC signal to control the process operation.

　　由于油氣回收設(shè)備為撬裝設(shè)備，安裝簡(jiǎn)單，做整體防爆處理、設(shè)備運(yùn)營(yíng)安全，系統(tǒng)可以全自動(dòng)運(yùn)行，給設(shè)備送上電后就無(wú)需人工干預(yù)；PLC系統(tǒng)預(yù)留RS485標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通訊口，可接業(yè)主的電腦（如有）遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控設(shè)備運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。

　　Due to the fact that the oil and gas recovery equipment is a pry mounted device, it is easy to install, undergoes overall explosion-proof treatment, and operates safely. The system can operate fully automatically, and there is no need for manual intervention after powering on the equipment; The PLC system reserves RS485 standard communication port, which can be connected to the owner's computer (if any) for remote monitoring of equipment operation status.

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